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Leaching tests
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ALS Scandinavia offers leaching tests and analyses based on direction NFS 2004:10 of the Swedish EPA (Naturvårdsverket). Below follows a short description of leaching tests and analytical methods and a summary of tests required for different types of deposits.
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LEACHING TESTS
The basic characterization includes percolation tests and batch tests. These tests are required for waste deposited as:
- inert waste
- hazardous waste
- non-hazardous waste and stable non-reactive hazardous waste deposited at landfills/cells for non-hazardous waste.
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For wastes that are not regularly generated, batch tests or percolation tests are not needed. For regularly genereated wastes, batch tests or percolation tests should be used. If the basic characterization results from batch tests and percolation tests agree, batch tests can be used for compliance testing.
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Batch test according to EN 12457-3
(L/S 2 and L/S 10) |
| The sample is sieved at 4 mm and mixed with deionized water in two steps, first at L/S 2 for 6 hours, and then at L/S 8 for 18 hours. The total teaching period is 24 hours and the accumulated L/S ratio is 10. After filtering, the eluates are analyzed separately. |
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Sample amount: approximately 2 kg
Delivery time: 2-4 weeks
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| Percolation test (column test) according to prEN 14405 |
| The sample is sieved (ground if necessary) to particle size <4 mm or <10 mm depending on the column diameter. The column is packed and wetted. After equilibration, eluate is removed at cumulative liquid-to-solid ratios of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 l/kg, and each eluate analysed. |
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Sample amount: approximately 5 kg
Delivery time: 5-8 weeks
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Sieving, determination of dry matter, pH and conductivity, and a report with recalculated concentrations are included in the above leaching tests.
*For some types of sludge and clayey materials that are difficult to sieve, an additional cost is charged.
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TOTAL CONTENT ANALYSES
The basic characterization also includes analyses of total content. ALS Scandinavia offers two packages: LMG-2, which is an extensive test, and LMG-5, which only includes the metals in NFS 2004:10. |
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| LMG-2 Metals in waste |
| LOI * |
Sum of oxides |
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| SiO2 |
Al2O3 |
CaO |
Fe2O3 |
K2O |
MgO |
| MnO2 |
Na2O |
P2O5 |
TiO2 |
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| As (3) |
Ba (2) |
Be (0.5) |
Cd (0.1) |
Co (0.08) |
Cr (10) |
| Cu (1) |
Hg (0.01) |
Mo (5) |
Nb (5) |
Ni (0.5) |
Pb (1) |
| S (80) |
Sb (0.5) |
Sc (1) |
Sn (20) |
Sr (2) |
V (2) |
| W (50) |
Y (2) |
Zn (4) |
Zr (2) |
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* LOI = loss on ignition (1000°) |
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Figures in brackets denote limits of quantification in mg/kg dry weight. Minimum sample amount: 5 g dry matter. Price includes digestion. Delivery time: 10-15 days. Sample preparation may me required.
Digestion: For determination of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, S and Zn, the sample is dried at 50°C and dissolved in nitric acid/hydrochloric acid/hydrofluoric acid in a closed teflon vessel in a microwave oven. (Concentrations corrected to dry weight 105°C.) Other elements are determined after fusion with lithiummetaborate followed by dissolution in dilute nitric acid.
 LMG-2 may be supplemented with other analyses.
Digestion using 7M nitric acid can alternatively be performed in autoclave. Please contact the laboratory for more information.
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| LOJ-1 Analysis of inert solid material |
naphthalene (0.1)
acenaphthylene (0.3)
acenaphthene (0.05)
fluorene (0.05)
phenanthrene (0.08)
anthracene (0.05)
fluoranthene (0.08)
pyrene (0.07)
benzo(a)anthracene (0.05)
chrysene (0.05)
benzo(b)fluoranthene (0.05)
benzo(k)fluoranthene (0.05)
benzo(a)pyrene (0.05)
dibenzo(ah)anthracene (0.05)
benzo(ghi)perylene (0.05)
indeno(123cd)pyrene (0.05)
sum of 16 EPA-PAHs (0.4)
sum of carcinogenic PAHs (0.3)
sum of non-carcinogenic PAHs (0.2)
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PCB 28*
PCB 138*
PCB 52*
PCB 153*
PCB 101*
PCB 180*
PCB 118*
Sum of PCBs* |
benzene
sum of xylenes
toluene
ethylbenzene |
| Oil GC-FID (oil index) (50) |
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Figures in brackets denote limits of quantification in mg/kg dry weight.
* Limit of quantification is 0.003 mg/kg dry weight for each PCB congener and 0.01 mg/kg dry weight for sum of 7 PCBs.
Minimum sample amount: 50 g. Method: GC-MS och GC-FID.
Analyses of total content in inert material according to NFS 2004:10
The parameters may also be ordered separately:
OJ-1
OJ-2
OJ-5
OJ-20c
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Supplementary analyses
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| Extra element (except Se) |
| Se |
| TOC¹ according to SS-EN 13137 |
| pH² |
| ANC (alkalinity) ³ |
| BTEX + PCB7 + mineral oil >C10-C40 + PAH (4) |
| (See package LOJ-1 above) |
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1) Included in criteria for all waste types except for stable non-reactive hazardous waste deposited at landfill/cell for non-hazardous waste
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2) Included only in criteria for stable non-reactive hazardous waste accepted at landfills for non-hazardous waste
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3) Included in criteria for stable non-reactive hazardous waste accepted at landfills for non-hazardous waste; and for landfills for hazardous waste
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| 4) Included only in criteria for inert waste accepted at landfills for inert waste |
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ANALYSES OF LEACHATES
ALS Scandinavia offers two analytical packages for leachates: LV-3a is the more extensive package, while LV-4a is adapted to the analytical range given by NFS 2004:10. |
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LV-3a Analysis without digestion
(accredited for environmental waters) |
| Al (2) |
As (1)* |
Ba (0.2) |
Ca (200) |
| Cd (0.05)** |
Co (0.05) |
Cr (0.5) |
Cu (1) |
| Fe (4) |
Hg (0.02) |
K (500) |
Mg (90) |
| Mn (0.2) |
Mo (1) |
Na (120) |
Ni (0.5) |
| Pb (0.2) |
S (160) |
Sb (0.1) |
Se (0.008)*** |
| Zn (2) |
klorid |
fluorid |
sulfat |
| DOC |
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Figures in brackets denote limits of quantification in µg/l. Minimum sample volume: 60 ml.
* A higher limit of quantification applies to samples with high chloride levels.
** A higher limit of quantification applies to samples with high molybdenum levels.
*** For Se, samples are digested with HCl in autoclave (non-accredited analysis).
Analyses of chloride, fluoride, sulfate and DOC are performed by a subcontractor.
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LV-4a Analysis without digestion
(accredited for environmental waters) |
| As (1)* |
Ba (0.2) |
Cd (0.05)** |
Cr (0.5) |
| Cu (1) |
Hg (0.02) |
Mo (1) |
Ni (0.5) |
| Pb (0.2) |
Sb (0.1) |
Se (0.008)*** |
Zn (2) |
| klorid |
fluorid |
sulfat |
DOC |
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Figures in brackets denote limits of quantification in µg/l. Minimum sample volume: 60 ml.
* A higher limit of quantification applies to samples with high chloride levels.
** A higher limit of quantification applies to samples with high molybdenum levels.
*** For Se, samples are digested with HCl in autoclave (non-accredited analysis).
Analyses of chloride, fluoride, sulfate and DOC are performed by a subcontractor.
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Supplementary analyses
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| Extra element (per leachate) |
| Phenol index¹ (per sample) |
| Total dissolved solids (TDS) (per sample) |
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1) Included only in criteria for inert waste accepted at landfills for inert waste. The analysis is performed by a subcontractor.
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OVERVIEW OF LEACHING TESTS AND WASTE ANALYSES WITH RESPECT TO LANDFILL/CELL
Landfill/cell for inert waste
| Analytical range |
Sample amount |
Approximate delivery time |
Method |
Number of
analyses |
| Total content according to LMG-2/LMG-5 |
Min. 5 g |
2 weeks |
SS-EN 13656 |
1 |
| TOC |
Min. 5 g |
2 weeks |
SS-EN 13137 |
1 |
| BTEX, PCB, Mineral oil, PAH |
Min. 100 g |
2 weeks |
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| Batch test L/S 2 and L/S 10 |
2 kg |
2-4 weeks |
SS-EN 12457-3 |
1 |
Percolation test L/S 0.1, (2), 10
Small column/large column |
3-6 kg |
5-8 weeks |
prEN 14405 |
1 |
| Analysis of leachate according to LV-4a/LV-3a |
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1-2 weeks |
ICP/AFS/ Ion chromatography |
4-5 |
| Phenol index |
100 ml |
2 weeks |
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4-5 |
| Total |
Approx. 5-8 kg |
5-8 weeks |
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15 |
Non-hazardous waste and stable non-reactive hazardous waste accepted at landfill/cell for non-hazardous waste
| Analytical range |
Sample amount |
Approximate delivery time |
Method |
Number of
analyses |
| Total content according to LMG-2 |
Min. 5 g |
2 weeks |
SS-EN 13656 |
1 |
| Batch test L/S 2 and L/S 10 |
2 kg |
2-4 weeks |
SS-EN 12457-3 |
1 |
Percolation test L/S 0.1, (2), 10
Small column/large column |
3-6 kg |
5-8 weeks |
prEN 14405 |
1 |
| Analysis of leachate according to LV-4a/LV-3a |
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1-2 weeks |
ICP/AFS/ Ion chromatography |
4-5 |
| Total |
Approx. 5-8 kg |
5-8 weeks |
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For hazardous non-reactive waste accepted at a landfill/cell for non-hazardous waste, analyses of TOC, ANC and pH are also required.
Landfill/cell for hazardous waste
| Analytical range |
Sample amount |
Approximate delivery time |
Method |
Number of
analyses |
| Total content according to LMG-2 |
Min. 5 g |
2 weeks |
SS-EN 13656 |
1 |
| GF/TOC |
Min. 5 g |
2 weeks |
SS-EN 13137 |
1 |
| ANC (alkalinity) |
Min. 100 g |
2 weeks |
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| Batch test L/S 2 and L/S 10 |
2 kg |
2-4 weeks |
SS-EN 12457-3 |
1 |
Percolation test L/S 0.1, (2), 10
Small column/large column |
3-6 kg |
5-8 weeks |
prEN 14405 |
1 |
| Analysis of leachate according to LV-4a/LV-3a |
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1-2 weeks |
ICP/AFS/ Ion chromatography |
4-5 |
| Total |
Approx. 5-8 kg |
5-8 weeks |
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10 |
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OTHER LEACHING TESTS
Availability test according to NT ENVIR 003:
Tillgänglighetstest enligt NT ENVIR 003: The sample is leached in deionized waterat pH 7. In a second leaching step the sample is leached with deionized water at pH 4. The two eluates are combined and analyzed. L/S=200. The availability test is a tool to determine to what extent the total content of a material can be involved in the leaching process in the long term.
Oxidized availability test according to NT ENVIR 006: The sample is leached in two consecutive leaching steps. In the first leaching step, the sample is leached with deionized water at pH 7. In the second leaching step, the sample is leached with deionized water at pH 4 under oxidizing conditions. The two eluates are combined and analyzed. L/S=200. The test is developed for determination of the potential leachability of inorganic constituents under controlled oxidised conditions in mainly inorganic waste materials, especially ashes and slags.
Batch test according to EN 12457-1: The sample is sieved at 4 mm and mixed with deionized water in one step at L/S 2 for 24 hours. The eluate is analyzed after filtering.
Batch test according to EN 12457-2: The sample is sieved at 4 mm and mixed with deionized water in one step at L/S 10 for 24 hours. The eluate is analyzed after filtering.
Batch test according to EN 12457-4: The sample is sieved at 10 mm and mixed with deionized water in one step at L/S 10 for 24 hours. The eluate is analyzed after filtering.
pH-static leaching: The sample is leached at constant pH for 48 hours. The procedure is repeated at eight different pH values.
Surface leaching or diffusion test: This test is developed for monolithic material. The sample is immersed in the leaching fluid that is renewed and analyzed four times.
Sequential leaching
For other leaching tests, please contact the laboratory.
Contact persons:
Eva Lidman
Phone: +46 920 28 99 02
E-mail: eva.lidman@alsglobal.com |
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